Starting hand By Starting Hand we mean the two hole cards which are dealt to you at the start of each hand. Since we now know which are the best starting hands. The two cards that you are dealt at the start of a hand in Texas Hold'em are your weapons. If you want to play a hand, your cards need to be strong enough to fight against your opponents' cards to win the pot. At the core of every winning poker player is good starting hand strategy. Texas Hold'em starting hands table.
In the poker game of Texas hold 'em, a starting hand consists of two hole cards, which belong solely to the player and remain hidden from the other players. Five community cards are also dealt into play. Betting begins before any of the community cards are exposed, and continues throughout the hand. The player's 'playing hand', which will be compared against that of each competing player, is the best 5-card poker hand available from his two hole cards and the five community cards. Unless otherwise specified, here the term hand applies to the player's two hole cards, or starting hand.
There are 1326 distinct possible combinations of two hole cards from a standard 52-card deck in hold 'em, but since suits have no relative value in this poker variant, many of these hands are identical in value before the flop. For example, A♥J♥ and A♠J♠ are identical in value, because each is a hand consisting of an ace and a jack of the same suit.
Therefore, there are 169 non-equivalent starting hands in hold 'em, which is the sum total of : 13 pocket pairs, 13 × 12 / 2 = 78 suited hands and 78 unsuited hands (13 + 78 + 78 = 169).
These 169 hands are not equally likely. Hold 'em hands are sometimes classified as having one of three 'shapes':
Probability of first card is 1.0 (any of the 52 cards)Probability of second hand suit matching the first:There are 13 cards per suit, and one is in your hand leaving 12 remaining of the 51 cards remaining in the deck. 12/51=.2353 or 23.5%
Offsuit pairs = 78Other offsuit hands = 936
It is typical to abbreviate suited hands in hold 'em by affixing an 's' to the hand, as well as to abbreviate non-suited hands with an 'o' (for offsuit). That is,
Some notable theorists and players have created systems to rank the value of starting hands in limit Texas hold'em. These rankings do not apply to no limit play.
David Sklansky and Mason Malmuth[1] assigned in 1999 each hand to a group, and proposed all hands in the group could normally be played similarly. Stronger starting hands are identified by a lower number. Hands without a number are the weakest starting hands. As a general rule, books on Texas hold'em present hand strengths starting with the assumption of a nine or ten person table. The table below illustrates the concept:
The 'Chen Formula' is a way to compute the 'power ratings' of starting hands that was originally developed by Bill Chen.[2]
Phil Hellmuth's 'Play Poker Like the Pros' book published in 2003.
Tier | Hands | Category |
---|---|---|
1 | AA, KK, AKs, QQ, AK | Top 12 Hands |
2 | JJ, TT, 99 | |
3 | 88, 77, AQs, AQ | |
4 | 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, AJs, ATs, A9s, A8s | Majority Play Hands |
5 | A7s, A6s, A5s, A4s, A3s, A2s, KQs, KQ | |
6 | QJs, JTs, T9s, 98s, 87s, 76s, 65s | Suited Connectors |
Statistics based on real play with their associated actual value in real bets.[3]
Tier | Hands | Expected Value |
---|---|---|
1 | AA, KK, QQ, JJ, AKs | 2.32 - 0.78 |
2 | AQs, TT, AK, AJs, KQs, 99 | 0.59 - 0.38 |
3 | ATs, AQ, KJs, 88, KTs, QJs | 0.32 - 0.20 |
4 | A9s, AJ, QTs, KQ, 77, JTs | 0.19 - 0.15 |
5 | A8s, K9s, AT, A5s, A7s | 0.10 - 0.08 |
6 | KJ, 66, T9s, A4s, Q9s | 0.08 - 0.05 |
7 | J9s, QJ, A6s, 55, A3s, K8s, KT | 0.04 - 0.01 |
8 | 98s, T8s, K7s, A2s | 0.00 |
9 | 87s, QT, Q8s, 44, A9, J8s, 76s, JT | (-) 0.02 - 0.03 |
In poker communities, it is common for hole cards to be given nicknames. While most combinations have a nickname, stronger handed nicknames are generally more recognized, the most notable probably being the 'Big Slick' - Ace and King of the same suit, although an Ace-King of any suit combination is less occasionally referred to as an Anna Kournikova, derived from the initials AK and because it 'looks really good but rarely wins.'[4][5] Hands can be named according to their shapes (e.g., paired aces look like 'rockets', paired jacks look like 'fish hooks'); a historic event (e.g., A's and 8's - dead man's hand, representing the hand held by Wild Bill Hickok when he was fatally shot in the back by Jack McCall in 1876); many other reasons like animal names, alliteration and rhyming are also used in nicknames.
Omaha hold'em, often called simply Omaha, is an exciting poker game that is strikingly similar to Texas hold'em, although it does have a number of differences to set it apart.
Unlike Texas hold'em, a game in which the preferred betting structure is no-limit, the most popular betting structure of Omaha games is pot-limit.
Games of this type are referred to as pot-limit Omaha, abbreviated as PLO poker.
The first major difference you'll instantly be aware of when playing PLO poker instead of hold'em is that each player is dealt exactly four hole cards instead of two.
However, players don't use all four hole cards to make a hand because they can only use two of them.
In fact, players must use exactly two of their hole cards along with three of the community cards to make a five-card poker hand.
Let's see an example:
In a pot limit Omaha game, the player does not hold a flush despite holding the .
Neither does the player have a Broadway straight.
The player actually only has a pair of kings with an ace-kicker.
This may seem a little confusing when you first sit in a PLO game, but it quickly becomes second nature. You just need to play enough Omaha hands to get used to this and to learn how to read the board correctly.
SEE ALSO: Learn Omaha Poker at GGPoker with Daniel Negreanu
To know more about the basics of the game, you can visit these pages:
Besides starting with four hole cards rather than two, there are a few more differences between Texas hold'em and Omaha games.
One such difference is that preflop hands in pot-limit Omaha run much closer in terms of poker equity than they do in hold'em.
This closeness in preflop hand strength is one factor leading to players playing more hands, seeing more flops, and PLO being more of a drawing game than hold'em is.
This creates larger pots with the majority of the chips often going into the pot after the flop is dealt.
Another key difference is the fact you generally need a stronger hand at showdown to win at pot-limit Omaha than you would in a Texas hold'em game.
In hold'em, it is not uncommon to win a hand with two pair or even a single pair. In Omaha poker, these hands are rarely the best by the river.
The other significant difference between pot-limit Omaha and no-limit Texas hold'em is the betting structure.
In no-limit hold'em, players can bet any amount they wish, up to the size of their stack.
Omaha poker, however, is 'pot-limit,' meaning players can only bet the total size of the pot including their call.
Need help to understand the concept of pot-limit games? Let's look at another example.
Imagine a PLO poker hand that is contested between two players.
The pot has $100 in it, which means the maximum the first player can bet is $100.
When it is the second player's turn to act, that player can only bet a maximum of $400.
This is worked out by adding the initial size of the pot ($100), plus the size of the opponent's bet ($100), plus the second player's call of the first bet ($100).
This equals $300, which when added to the $100 call makes the maximum bet $400.
Betting is easier when you play online
While this can be confusing until you are used to playing the game regularly, betting in pot limit Omaha poker is a lot easier if you play online.
When playing Omaha games online you can simply click the 'pot' button and the software figures out the correct amount for you.
SEE ALSO: Want to Play Omaha Games Online? Check Out 888Poker!
Need help? Ask the Dealer to count the chips for you
In a live pot limit Omaha game, if you announce 'pot' before betting the size of the pot, the dealer will assist with the calculations.
Pot-limit Omaha poker is a complex game, which makes it difficult to come up with the perfect strategy for playing it.
There are a number of pointers that you can remember that can form the basis for a solid pot limit Omaha strategy:
Stop thinking like a hold'em poker player. Many Omaha poker players come from a no-limit hold'em background and play the game as such. They'll overvalue one-pair and two-pair hands, as well as open-ended straight draws (with eight outs).
The latter is particularly problematic since in PLO poker it is possible to have 'wrap' draws with up to 20 outs with the perfect hole card and community card combination!
SEE ALSO: Dealing With Variance in Pot-Limit Omaha
While Omaha might not be as 'straightforward' as Texas hold'em, these are some simple strategy tips that will help you get better results at the table — faster.
Go through this list of essential Omaha poker tips, memorise them, and you'll know what to do to become a better player right.
Know what hands to play / fold. The nature of PLO requires you to be smart and take a holistic approach to the cards that compose your starting hand.
Avoid the danglers, for example.
Whenever you decide to play a hand with a 'dangler' (a card that doesn't connect to any of the other cards in your four-card starting hand), you force yourself to play with three cards.
Why is this bad, you ask?
You might think this isn't too bad, especially if the other three cards that compose your hand seem promising.
Think about your opponents, for a moment.
If they go for a 'more conservative' pot limit Omaha poker strategy, they stay in the hand only if they can still play with all four cards, not just three.
By entering the hand with three cards, you are giving others an advantage they shouldn't have.
READ ALSO: You Play Too Loose in These 3 Preflop PLO Situations
Don't play too many hands. Note: this is not only the most important Omaha poker tip you can ever learn — it is a lesson that you should keep for all the poker games you'll ever play in your life.
Once you realize that Omaha poker games have good hands (a few) and bad hands (a lot more), you need to accept the consequences of that.
Select the hands you play and go only for the premium hands.
Omaha, like hold'em, is a game where you need to know when it's time to play and when it's best to fold your cards.
Be patient. Wait until your starting hand fits the range you should play, use the information you have to read your opponents and decide whether you should continue or not.
Know how to read the board and assess the other players' hand strength. Unless you are so good at detecting poker tells that the police use you as a real-life lie detector…be careful.
Omaha poker can become a very expensive game and one where the players don't bluff as much as in hold'em.
If a large bet comes on the board, you better save your hero call for another poker game and fold. Most Omaha players use big bets to protect their hand. Calling their alleged bluffs can be very, very costly.
Understand How Odds and Outs Work. The concepts of odds, outs, and equity are important in all poker games, including pot-limit Omaha.
If you struggle to do the math and understand how everything works, you better rely on the usual beginner's formula.
Start with a free odds calculator and continue using the tool until you learn how to do the calculations in your head.
While in Sochi, Russia, for an 888poker Live event, PokerNews'own Tiffany Michelle approached 888poker ambassador Vivian Saliba to talk about Pot-Limit Omaha.
With more than $100,000 in PLO tournament winnings and an 11th-place finish in a PLO event at the World Series of Poker, Saliba is known (and respected) to be a good Omaha poker player — perhaps even the best one in the 888poker team.
In her conversation with Michelle, Saliba touched on the three most common mistakes she sees poker players make at the table when they play Omaha poker.
'When you have seven or 10 big blinds (BB) you are not that short. You still have a lot of room to pick your spot and to pick your right hand,' Saliba explains.
Confirming one of the Omaha tips we shared earlier, patience is the key. 'You need to be very patient. I see too many people just going crazy [because] they think they are super-short.'
'Poker is about survival,' Saliba continues. 'Tournaments are about survival. PLO is like that, too — just perhaps at another level. You need to learn to manage risks all the time..'
If you thought our list of Omaha strategy tips was the only one mentioning the sheer volume of hands beginners play — think again.
'You have four cards,' Saliba explains. 'I know they look pretty — but this is the same for your opponent.'
If you plan on staying in the hand and invest your stack, 'you really need to have strong high cards, high pairs, drawing for the nuts.'
'You shouldn't be playing multi-way pots with weak draws or [small] pairs. You have to select the hands you play.'
It's no secret that the majority of players that get into Pot Limit Omaha poker come from Texas hold'em.
According to Saliba, many of them make one common mistake: 'they think Omaha poker is simply hold'em with four cards.
'There are a lot of differences between the two games in terms of hands, of strength, theory, approaches, and more.'
'There are so many things that before you start playing PLO you should stop and study the game. Omaha is not as simple as people think.'
Like other variants of poker, pot limit Omaha success begins with solid starting hand selection.
The very best Omaha poker players in the world play a wide range of poker hands, but those new to the game should stick to hands that are stronger and therefore easier to play.
The best PLO poker starting hands are those that have a big pair in them and some connectedness that allows them to improve post-flop.
Ideally, your hands will be what is known as 'double-suited,' meaning you have the chance to flop two different flush draws.
E.g., is a nice double-suited starting hand with a big pair.
Computer simulations show that double-suited is the best pot-limit Omaha starting hand.
Flopping a set with this hand means you'll always have top set, while any flush draw will be to the nuts.
Other strong hands containing a pair of aces include and , while double-suited run-down holdings such as are also very playable.
SEE ALSO: You Can't Play Them All: Evaluating Starting Hands in Pot-Limit Omaha
As you have probably gathered, pot-limit Omaha poker is an exciting game that creates big pots, and sees players make big hands regularly.
As great as this is, the big thing you need to consider is playing Omaha poker requires a larger bankroll than hold'em variants mostly because of the closeness in the strength of hands both preflop and postflop.
It's common to not have more than 60% equity on the flop against a single opponent, which can and does lead to some crazy swings!
When you run good at pot limit Omaha, you usually run very good, but the flipside is also true. Remember it when you play!
This article was originally published on March 1, 2016. The last update includes new info, including a list of practical Omaha strategy tips and Vivian Saliba's insights on the most common mistakes beginners make when they play Omaha poker.